Emily Killing Homer A Crime of Passion or an Act of a...

Emily Killing Homer: a Crime of Passion or Act of Frightened Girl Faulkner’s tail of â€Å"A Rose for Emily † is a tail of thousand stories. Set up in the old south, at the same time it intrigues you and dazzles you. It tells the story of a daughter from an upper class family that ends up killing her male companion, Homer Baron. A motive for killing him is not stated in the story, but if red carefully one could be implied. Critiques disagree on what might have motived Emily to kill homer. Some say it was because he intended to leave her and others relate it to the fact that he was not the steeling type. Yet some critique have explored the idea that homer may be gay and believe that is what have aggravated Emily and led her to kill him. Yet, Judith Fetterley and Jack Scherting both have the consent of Emily Griersons motive in order to kill Homer Barron which is stemmed from her fear of dying old and unloved.(attach make one sentence)Emily rather had been with a dead man instead of being by herself. Mr. Grierson is portrait of a man from â€Å"old south†, a man how chases away every man that approaches her daughter, a man that leaves her daughter longing for affection of a male after his death. Not much was said about him directly. Mr. Grierson is described to be overprotecting her daughter Emily; â€Å"Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by

Competitive Supply Chain Relationship Management Essay

ADOPTION OF COMPETITIVE SUPPLY CHAIN RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ORGANIZATIONS PRACTICES THROUGH COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES. Over the years, the competition landscape for most companies has shifted from the highest-quality, lowest priced product or best performing product to the ability to respond to market needs quickly and get the right product at the right time to the right customer. This has in turn forced organizations to compete with their supply chain. Understanding supply chain management and putting this knowledge into practice has become a mandate to improve supply chain relationships in the entire world. In the 1990s, a lot of competition intensified and markets became global. It became a challenge to get a product or service to the right place at the right time, right place and at the lowest cost. Most organizations realized that it was important to make their supply chains competitive rather than just focusing on improving their organization operation efficiencies. The understanding of supply chain relationship management has therefore become an essential condition to stay in the competitive race of enhancing corporate profitability. The concept of supply chain relationship management can be categorized into two separate groups; the transport and logistics management perspective and the purchasing and supply management perspective. According to the purchasing and supply management perspective, supply chain relationship management goes in line with theShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management1259 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Supply chain management is a valuable practice whose purpose is to offer businesses a competitive advantage in the market place. According to Jacoby, D. (2010), some companies like Walmart and Dell have applied this system to gain a competitive advantage in the market while others have failed to apply it owing to its complexity. Companies require adequate and accurate information about all the players in the chain management in order for them to meet their consumers, demands whileRead MoreSupply Chain Management For A Competitive Advantage1505 Words   |  7 Pagesresources for a competitive advantage. It is called supply chain management and it includes all integrated activates which introduce to market place and maintain customer satisfaction. This supply chain management drives from multi- disciplinary departments such as procuring, transportation, manufacturing products, customer services, distribution of product into integrated program. Successful management will be in coordina tion and integrated in all these activate in an unbroken chain process. It supportsRead MoreSupply Chain Strategy1576 Words   |  7 PagesSupply-Chain Management Supply-chain management consists of developing a strategy to organize, control, and motivate the resources involved in the flow of services and materials within the supply chain. A supply chain strategy, an essential aspect of supply chain management, seeks to design a firm’s supply chain to meet the competitive priorities of the firm’s operations strategy. 1 Supply Chain Strategy Across the Organization Supply chains must be managed to coordinate the inputsRead MoreI will attempt to outline below the key issues whether or not a multinational company is able to1300 Words   |  6 PagesI will attempt to outline below the key issues whether or not a multinational company is able to maximise its competitive advantage by controlling its own supply chain. Introduction There are many multinational companies which operate on such a high level worldwide such as Walmart, a multinational company is basically a corporation that is known to be registered in more than one country or that functions in different operations within a couple of countries. Multinational companies may consist ofRead MoreA Theoretical Link Between Scm And Ssme1438 Words   |  6 Pagescollaboration. No wonder companies that collaborate effectively across the supply chain have enjoyed dramatic reductions in inventories and costs, together with improvements in speed, service levels, and customer satisfaction (Luis B., Verda E. Daniel S., 2012). Collaboration is an important characteristics for people in the supply chain industry to create more shared values than those who don’t collaborate. 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Supply Chain Management as defined as Maximising added value and reducing total cost across the entire trading process through focusing on speed and certainty of response to the market†. Competitive Edge through Core Competencies Todays business climate has rapidly changed and has become more competitive as ever in nature. Businesses now not only need to operate at a lower cost toRead MoreThe Importance Sustainable Purchasing Supply1625 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance Sustainable Purchasing Supply Name Institutional Affiliation Date The Importance Sustainable Purchasing Supply The purchasing and supply function is strategically vital in laying the foundation for an organization to acquire a competitive advantage. I have taken this stance following thorough literature reviews and taking into consideration statements that are relative to pertinent techniques, tools, and models. 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This is aimed at helping organizations simplify the procurement function and make it effectiveRead MoreThe Role of the Internet in Supply Chain Management1872 Words   |  7 PagesSupply chain (SC) is made up of all the activities that are required to deliver products to the customer – from designing product to receiving order, procuring material, marketing, manufacturing, logistics, customer services, receiving payment and so on (Donovan, 2001). Hence, supply chain consists of a group of different companies working together to produce finished goods sold to customers out of raw materials. Company strikes to gain competitive advantages through improving their supply chain

An Observation of a Bat Mitzvah Free Essays

The bar mitzvah is not actually a ceremony or rite of passage as many people believe. It is actually a boy of the Jewish religion who has attained the age of 13. It is thus a legal status that is automatically ascribed with no need for ceremony or any other religious rite. We will write a custom essay sample on An Observation of a Bat Mitzvah or any similar topic only for you Order Now A parallelism would be attaining adult age, typically 18 in most societies.The bar mitzvah pertains to males while a bat mitzvah is to females, and females become bat mitzvot (plural of mitzvah) at the age of 12. Bar or bat mitzvah translates to a â€Å"coming of age† and signifies the transition of the child to that of beginning adulthood insofar as religious practice was concerned, and be counted as part of the minyan or quorum for public prayer. While it is widely practiced, there is actually no direct mention of it in the Talmud. Because women are traditionally not allowed to read from the Torah, it was a momentous occasion when in 1922 the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan was the first bat mitzvah to read from the Torah in celebration of her 12th birthday. (â€Å"The first American bat mitzvah†) Today, many young girls celebrate becoming a bat mitzvah with a grandiosity that rivals that of a Sweet 16 birthday party. I. The Ceremony The synagogue was a study of the diversity in the US. On one side was the families of the two girls who were to become bat mitzvot and since one of the girls was an adoptee of Chinese descent and the adoptive mother was not Jewish, there were quite a few who were not. Among the congregation, many were not Jewish as well, guests of the girls and their families who were to join in the celebration. (Schapiro) A box of commemorative yarmulke or distinctive skullcap enabled male guests to help themselves to one because it is expected that they cover their heads when participating in the service. However, only Jewish males over 13 wore the ritual fringes called the talit. Aside from this, there did not seem to be a distinction in dress for Jews and non-Jews. Some small children were present, and were quite surprisingly free to get up and roam as they pleased as long as they behaved. The unruly ones were quietly led away to what can only be supposed is a playroom. On the eastern wall of the synagogue, the Ark is evident. This is the repository of the Torah, and above the Ark is a light called the Ner Tamid or eternal light. There is also a representation of the Tablets of the Covenant. On the bima, the raised platform on which the service was to be conducted. The two girls were seated on the right side of the altar. The girls’ fathers laid the prayer shawl on their respective daughter’s shoulders, signifying a transfer of power, or responsibility, whichever perspective works, and the choir raised their voice in a welcoming song in Hebrew. The rabbi commenced with the reading, and at each part the congregation was told when to sit or stand. This was especially helpful for non-Jewish participants of the service. The girls then were directed to approach the Ark where the Torah scrolls were kept. Each took their scroll and carried it around the sanctuary, as each Jewish guest touch their prayer books to it to signify love and devotion to its teachings. The girls then took their place at the bima in front of the congregation to read out the scrolls in Hebrew. This is referred to as the aliyah. The girls each read part of Chapter 21 of Exodus which was the reading for the Shabbat for that week. Afterwards, each girl gave a speech in English, a d’rash about how the experience preparing for becoming bat mitzvot had meant to them. Each girl then touched the fringe of their prayer shawl to the Torah before kissing it and returning to their seat. The parents (excepting the non-Jewish mother) spoke before the congregation thanking God for the blessing of freeing them from the responsibility for their child’s sins. This part was spoken in English. The rabbi then said a few words directed at the new bat mitzvot and the girls then proceeded with the concluding prayers, the Haftorah and then the ceremony was over. The next part of the celebration was the fun part, the Kiddush and seudat mitzvah that translates today to a party held outside the synagogue, where speeches and advice are liberally given for the elucidation of the new bat mitzvah.   Traditional gifts with associations with the number 18 (considered a â€Å"lucky† number in Jewish tradition, means also â€Å"life†) and more generic gifts were given at the reception. (â€Å"Bar and Bat Mitzvah†; Rich â€Å"Gifts†) II. Discussion Mitzvah is the word for â€Å"commandment,† and bat is â€Å"daughter† so a bat mitzvah is a daughter of the commandment. The whole point of this rite is to commemorate the child’s coming of age but the way it is practiced tends to be highly adaptable to the particular societal context. The ceremony itself has no mention in the Talmud so the rituals have evolved over time and application. (â€Å"Bar bat mitzvah†) Preparation for the bar or bat mitzvah typically begins a year or more prior to the projected date, especially for modern Jews or those who are newly converted. This is to allow the child to become familiar with the Jewish commandments, prayer, history and the Hebrew language. A large portion of this education is overseen by the cantor, or scholar. The responsibilities of the bat mitzvah includes the keeping of the mitzvot or commandments as embodied in the Torah, all 613 of them. She is also expected to observe rituals such as fasting days. Interestingly enough, this is also considered the point in which the bat mitzvah can decide to remain or not within the faith. Because of this, a confirmation ceremony is slated for the 16th or 18th year of the bat mitzvah in   some communities. (â€Å"Bar/bat mitzvah†) More orthodox Jewish families prepare their male children for eventual emancipation by starting their preparations at kindergarten age and beyond the age of bar mitzvah. Orthodox Jews do not allow women to participate in religious services, so becoming a bat mitzvah in these communities does not include the service and is usually celebrated at home with a small party that merely commemmorates the child’s 12th birthday. Reformist sects take the cue from their spiritual leader, the rabbi. This was what happened to Judith Kaplan the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan, who believed women should be given equal consideration and importance in the community. However, for the longest time bat mitzvot usually celebrated on a Friday rather than on the Shabbat, or did not read directly from the Torah, so deeply ingrained was the bias against women in the Jewish orthodoxy. (â€Å"The first American bat mitzvah†) With the influence of American society and growing diversity in religion, however practice has been inevitably affected. The number of religious intermarriages is rising and many religious groups have seen the wisdom of adapting to the changing society. This is especially apparent in the ceremony described above. The bar mitzvot are now allowed to read from the Torah, and are instructed in this by the cantor with the benevolent overseeing of the rabbi himself. They participate fully in the ceremony, and the fact that one of the parents is non-Jewish is no longer a big issue as long as they play a passive role in the service itself. Outsiders are welcome to participate in a passive manner as well, and religious scholars are more than willing to explain the intricacies of the service to the clueless. There is even a growing trend among newly converted Jews who become bar or bat mitzvah in ceremonies held at any point in their life, some as old as 80. Because these people came into the faith late in life, they are considered to have attained a â€Å"coming of age† when they have mastered the basics of the Jewish religion. III. Conclusion For all children, rites of passage are important highlights in their lives. For Jewish children in particular, the concept of becoming a bar or bat mitzvah and the formal celebration of the event focuses on the importance of having a good knowledge of Judaism. At the same time, it serves as inducting a sense of belonging for children, which at this particular point in their lives is crucial for optimal development. Because survival of the congregation that is yearly becoming diverse, even the most stringent religious traditions have been compelled to unbend and accommodate the evolving population. The practice of commemorating the becoming of a bat mitzvah is a particularly good example of this accommodation. Works Cited â€Å"Bar and Bat Mitzvah†. Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence. 20010406. FindArticles.com. 17 Jul. 2007. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0000/ai_2602000074 Bar bat mitzvah. Jewish Celebrations. 2007. Mazornet.com. 18 July 2007 http://www.mazornet.com/jewishcl/mitzvah.htm. Bar/bat mitzvah. Patriarchy Website.January 2000. Israel CS Lim. 18 July 2007 http://www.patriarchywebsite.com/bib-patriarchy/bar-bat-mitzvah.htm. Rich, Tracey. Bar Mitzvah and bat mitzvah. Judaism 101. 2005. JewFAQ.org. 18 July 2007 http://www.jewfaq.org/barmitz.htm. Schapiro, Moshe. What is a bar or bat mitzvah? Jewish Lifecycles. 18 January 2000. Aish HaTorah. 18 July 2007 http://www.aish.com/literacy/lifecycle/what_is_a_bar_or_bat_mitzvah$.asp. The first American bat mitzvah. Jewish Virtual Library. 2007. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 18 July 2007 http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/firstbat.html.       How to cite An Observation of a Bat Mitzvah, Essays

Significance of Proper Customer Services

Question: Discuss about the Significance of Proper Customer Services. Answer: Problem statement: This research study focuses on the significance of proper customer services in order to satisfy the customers. In this particular research study, the focus will be on the recently launched division of Computers R namely CompleteCare. As per the article by Morimoto et al. (2016), increasing competition forces organizations to utilize unique marketing strategy so that it can able to competitive advantage in the market. However, the study mentions that CompleteCare is struggling to employ trained technical operators to provide effective service the customers. The study also highlights that CompleteCare also facing issues in getting proper parts for repair. Furthermore, the study also highlights that CompleteCare also have issues regarding courier services, which are necessary for delivering customers machines to the repair centre. Therefore, it has affected satisfaction level of the customers (Panteleev, Kamaev Kizim, 2014). As a result, the company has started to get lot of complains regarding poor services. Purpose of the research: As discuss earlier, CompleteCare does not able to implement its service program effectively. Therefore, the researcher will consider all the factors related to the newly launched service program of CompleteCare in order to identify the kind of impact it can have on the satisfaction level of the customers (Park, Jung Park, 2013). The researcher will consider several factors such as courier service, trained employee about the implementation of effective customer service. The research study will also focus on to highlight the amount of benefits that CompleteCare can able to have if they are able to resolve the above mention issue. The researcher will also try to identify the best possible strategies that can have maximum amount of impact on the customer satisfaction level. Research design: As mentions by Creswell (2013), research design plays a key role in fulfilling the objective of the research study. For evaluating the all the perspective of customer service, the researcher will focus on to implement a systematic procedure. The researcher will implement a systematic procedure so that it can able to cover all the aspect of the research study. Firstly, the researcher will try to identify the prime factors that are creating difficulties for the effective implementation of the service program. Thereafter, the researcher will evaluate all the identified factors in order to assess which factor can have most impact on the effectiveness of the service program. Then the researcher will focus on to develop methodology to capture information relevant to the research topic. For the evaluation of the research study, the researcher will select positivism research philosophy inductive approach and descriptive research design. After the completion of the data collection procedure, the researcher will analyze the capture data so that it can able to depict the objective of the research study (Schwartz-Shea Yanow, 2013). Lastly, the researcher will compile the complete research work so that it can able to depict what have to be done in order to implement an effective repair and support service. As mentions by Pickard (2012) research philosophy will have to be formulated based on the type of required data for the analysis and evaluation of the research study. There are primarily three types of research philosophy namely realism, positivism and interpretivism that a researcher can consider to evaluate a particular research topic. Positivism research philosophy is selected where the researcher consider to implement scientific method for the successful completion of the research study. Realism refers to the view, which theories refer to the real features of the world. On the other hand, interpretivism research philosophy evaluates data from the qualitative angle (Nieveen Folmer, 2013). For the evaluation of the issues generated in the newly developed branch of Computer R, the researcher will choose positivism research philosophy. Since, positivism research philosophy is selected where the researcher is looking to gather knowledge through the data collection procedure. The rese archer will also consider positivism philosophy, as it has the potential to assist the researcher to utilize several statistical tools to analyze the captured information. As describes by Vithal Jansen (2012) research approach has a critical role in order to complete a particular research topic within the given timeframe. Research approach primarily has two parts namely deductive research approach and inductive research approach. Traditionally, deductive approach is utilized where several theories and concepts are required for the value addition of the research study. Since, deductive approach allows the researcher to consider different previously used concepts and theories relevant to the research topic. On the other hand, inductive research approach considers data collection process. It also helps the researcher to utilize the collected data establish new concepts and theories (Vaishnavi Kuechler, 2015). For the evaluation of the CompleteCare support and repair service, the researcher will implement inductive research approach. Since, the researcher is focusing on the analysis of different perspectives of customers as well as the employees of Compl eteCare. Inductive approach will provide the researcher practical information regarding the customer satisfaction level with the newly launched division of Computers R. As per the article by Gray Malins (2016), research design can be separated into two parts namely descriptive research design and conclusive research design. Descriptive research design can provide assistance in analyzing several aspects of the research study. On the other hand, conclusive research design is more likely to utilize analytical and statistical tools for the evaluation of the research study. For the evaluation of the customer support and service perspective, the researcher will utilize descriptive research design. Since, it will allow the researcher to cover all the aspects of the researcher study. In addition, descriptive research design can also have a significant role in enhancing the knowledge level of the researcher regarding the kind of impact that repair service and customer support can have on the satisfaction level of the customers. Sample design: From the above discussion, it can be assess that all the customers and employees of CompleteCare are the entire population of the research study. Since, the research study focuses on the kind of impact that a proper service and support procedure can have on the satisfaction level of the customers. It has to consider all the potential customers of the company within the population of the research study. Therefore, the researcher will not able to collect information from the entire population, as it will require too much money and time. Thus, sampling method will have to be implemented by the researcher in order to complete the research study within the expected timeframe. As mentions by Merriam Tisdell (2015) sampling technique can be divided into two parts non-probability sampling technique and probability sampling technique. The article reflects that sample is a part of the entire population. Therefore, selection sampling technique is critical for the success of the entire research study. Probability sampling refers to a sampling method where each and every people of the population has a nonzero and known probability of selection. On the other hand, non-probability sampling refers to a method where every people are selected based on the personal convenience and judgment. In non-probability sampling method, probability of selection method is unknown. For analyzing the impact of customer support and repair service on the satisfaction level, the researcher will implement non-probability sampling technique. The researcher will utilize non-probability sampling method, as it will allow the research study to choose people whom can provide in-depth information about the research topic. In addition, this sampling technique will also allow the researcher to select people based on connivance, which can have major impact on the minimization of the budget of the research study. Thus, the research will utilize convenience sampling in this research study. The researcher also utilizes judgment non-probability sampling, as it will help the researcher to select sample based on the personal judgment. However, the researcher will try not to implement quota sampling technique, as it can affect the overall outcome of the research study. For this particular study, the researcher will choose 60 regular customers and 10 managers of the CompleteCare. The researcher will utilize companys customer information in order to identify the most regular customers of the organization. Data collection, process and analysis: As per the article by Mitchell Jolley (2012) data collection and analysis is probably the most significant part for the successful completion of any research study. Generally, secondary and primary data collection method is the most common way collecting information regarding to a particular research topic. In this particular research study, the researcher will consider both secondary and primary data collection technique. Since, repair service and support impact on customer satisfaction is a broad topic. It will induce the researcher to consider both the data collection technique. In addition, it will also assist the researcher to add value to the research study. For the collection of the secondary data, the researcher will utilize internet and other secondary sources. Since, satisfying customer is among the major concern of any organization. Many studies have conducted in this particular topic (Blondel et al., 2013). Thus, by implementing secondary data collection technique, the researcher can have an in-depth analysis of the research study. The researcher will utilize different books, business magazines, newspaper, and trusted websites to collect information about the research topic. Furthermore, secondary information will also allow the researcher to implement different theories and concepts relevant to the research topic. On the other hand, the researcher will also utilize primary data collection technique in order to assess the kind of impact that effective repair service and support can have on the overall satisfaction level of the customers. In this study, the researcher will implement survey technique for capturing effective primary data relevant to the research topic. As mentioned earlier, customer topic is a very broad concept, can depend on different factors. Therefore, the researcher will implement both qualitative and quantitative data collection technique. For collecting information from 60 regular customers, the researcher will develop a quantitative questionnaire. In this quantitative questionnaire, the researcher will only include closed-end questions so that it can able to depict a trend related to the impact of repair and support service on customer satisfaction. The researcher will utilize interview technique to capture quantitative information about the research topic. On the other ha nd, the research will formulate another questionnaire for the managers for the collection of qualitative information. In the qualitative questionnaire, the researcher will only include open-end questions. The researcher will utilize open-end question for the analysis of the customer satisfaction, as it will allow the research study to cover different perspective of the entire research study. The research will utilize telephone, email and fax for the collection of qualitative information about the research study. The researcher will use these medium so that the research study can be completed within the expected timeframe successfully. After the completion of the data collection procedure, the researcher will focus on the analysis of the collected data so that it can able to fulfill the objective of the research study successfully. In this particular research study, the researcher will consider several statistical methods and techniques so that it can able to analyze the captured information effectively. The researcher will implement different statistical tool for the qualitative and quantitative data. Statistical tools like mean, median, mode, standard deviation, regression and correlation techniques will be utilize for the effective analysis of the collected data (Seidman, 2013). Budget and timeline: As per the article by Collis Hussey (2013), selection of timeframe and budget is critical for the overall success of the research study. Since, it has the potential to allow or restrict the researcher to implement any particular strategy, which is crucial to the success of the research study. However, in this research study, both time and budget are the prime constraints. As the researcher will only invest $5000 for the completion of the entire research study. On the other hand, the researcher will develop 15-week plan in which the entire research will be conducted. Dummy tables: Table 1: Activities 1-2 week 3-5 week 6-8 week 9-10 week 11-12 week 13-14 week 14-15 week Identification of the research problem Evaluation of the purpose of the research study Consideration of research design Implementation of research design Collection of primary and secondary data Implementation of data collection, process and analysis Development of conclusion Submission of complete work (Table 1: Gantt chart; Source: Lau, 2014) Table 2: Problems being addressed Frequency (%) Trained professional 37 Ineffective courier service 23 Late response 5 Miscommunication 15 Availability of parts of the computer 20 Table 2: Address problems (Source: As created by the author) References: Blondel, A., Bravar, A., Pohl, M., Bachmann, S., Berger, N., Kiehn, M., Schultz-Coulon, H. C. (2013). Research Proposal for an Experiment to Search for the Decay { mu}- eee.arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6113. Collis, J., Hussey, R. (2013).Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Gray, C., Malins, J. (2016).Visualizing research: A guide to the research process in art and design. Routledge. Lau, J. T. C. (2014).Design by Means of Archival Research: Exploring the Notion of Multiple Interpretations and the Proposal for Another Ditchley Portrait(Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London)). Merriam, S. B., Tisdell, E. J. (2015).Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Mitchell, M. L., Jolley, J. M. (2012).Research design explained. Cengage Learning. Morimoto, H., Yamada, M., Muramatsu, N., Ukai, H. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 20,160,085,864. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Nieveen, N., Folmer, E. (2013). Formative evaluation in educational design research.Design Research, 153. Panteleev, V. V., Kamaev, V. A., Kizim, A. V. (2014). Developing a Model of Equipment Maintenance and Repair Process at Service Repair Company Using Agent-Based Approach.Procedia Technology,16, 1072-1079. Park, M., Jung, K. M., Park, D. H. (2013). Optimal post-warranty maintenance policy with repair time threshold for minimal repair.Reliability Engineering System Safety,111, 147-153. Pickard, A. (2012).Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Schwartz-Shea, P., Yanow, D. (2013).Interpretive research design: Concepts and processes. Routledge. Seidman, I. (2013).Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press. Vaishnavi, V. K., Kuechler, W. (2015).Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology. Crc Press. Vithal, R., Jansen, J. (2012).Designing your first research proposal: a manual for researchers in education and the social sciences. Juta and Company Ltd.