Christopher Marlowes The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doc

Christopher Marlowe's The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus For a play that has retained much of its scholarly value over the four hundred and ten years, there is surprisingly little known about Christopher Marlowe’s masterpiece, The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus. The date of its first performance is unknown, and is highly obscured by the added facts that there are two texts of Doctor Faustus, one published in 1604; the other in 1616 (Ribner viii). Christopher Marlowe, even in these early times, set a standard for tragic plays, which would not be rivaled until Shakespeare unleashed his literary landmarks at around the same time Marlowe’s career ended. Despite the lack of specifics on this seminal work, it is still easy to feel the pain Christopher Marlowe wished to convey with this text. Within the rich dialogue of The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, Christopher Marlowe attempts to communicate a personal struggle; both emotional and spiritual, between what Marlowe views as human nature and what the world views as God’s desires for man, and the overwhelming feelings of loss which accompany this struggle. Doctor Faustus is a play that thrives primarily on the discourses that abound throughout its length. In the dialogue between the two main characters, Doctor Faustus himself, and the demon Mephistophilis, one finds almost the entirety of the play. Doctor Faustus â€Å"†¦is a man who of his own conscious willfulness brings tragedy and torment crashing down on his head†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Cole 191). Faustus finds himself melancholic with the pursuit of knowledge he has thus far attained, commenting: â€Å"Be a physician, Faustus; heap up gold, And be eternized for some wonderous cure†¦ Why, Faustus, hast thou not attained that end? Is it not thy common talk sound aphorisms?† (Ribner 5) He has grown sick of the pursuit of knowledge as he sees it, and believing himself to have become educated in all of the worlds major subjects, seeks the power of God himself (Ellis-Fermor, 74). Through the art of conjuring spirits, commenting, â€Å"†¦A sound magician is a mighty God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ribner 7). The human lust for power has reached a new height in Faustus, and to attain what he desires, the easiest means are demonic. On his way to making the decision to enlist infernal forces in his quest for power, Faustus is prodded by friends, Valdes and ... ...ssey Press, 1966. Masinton, Charles G. Christopher Malowe’s Tragic Vision, a Study in Damnation. Athens: Ohio University Press. 1972. Thomas, Vivien, and Tydeman, William, ed. Christopher Marlowe : the Plays and Their Sources. London ; New York : Routledge, 1994. Sharma, Jitendra Kumar. Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Faustus : a Criticism. New Delhi : Sterling Publishers Private, 1985. Marcus, Leah Sinanoglou. Unediting the Renaissance : Shakespeare, Marlowe, Milton. London ; New York : Routledge, 1996. Ellis-Fermor, Una Mary. â€Å"Faustus†. Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Text and Major Criticism. ed. Irving Ribner. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1966. Kirschbaum, Leo. â€Å"Marlowe’s Faustus: A Reconsideration†. Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Text and Major Criticism. ed. Irving Ribner. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1966. Dabbs, Thomas. Reforming Marlowe : The Nineteenth Century Canonization of a Renaissance Dramatist. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press ; London : Associated University Presses, 1991. Aquinas, St. Thomas. â€Å"On the eternity of the world (De Aeternitate Mundi)†. Trans. Vollert, Cyril. Milwaukee, Marquette University Press, 1964.

Economic vale added

Corporations continue to use a variety of measures to gauge their financial performance for many years. Economic value added (EVA) has been Introduced as a very effective performance measurement and strategic assessment tool. One of the reasons why EVA is such a powerful instrument is that it is linked to market value added (MBA), which is the definite indicator of a company's wealth creation. Another reason for using EVA is that it is the only dependable and precise continuous improvement method available.Economic value added is the term that Stern Stewart & Co. Coined for Its particular variety of economic profit and gain that remains after levying a charge against â€Å"After Tax Operating profits† for the opportunity cost of all capital used to produce those profits. Many corporate managers have mistakenly been focusing on conventional accounting profits, which include a deduction for interest payments on debt but have no provision at all for the cost of equity capital. Ma rket value added measures the level of wealth creation.It beats out all other measures because it is the deference between â€Å"Cash In and Cash Out†, I. E. , between how much capital investors put Into a company and what they could get out by selling at today's market price. As such, MBA Is the cumulative amount by which a company has enhanced or diminished shareholder wealth. It is the best external measure of company performance because it captures the market's assessment of the effectiveness in how company's managers have used their resources.Within the scope of this study, the role of economic value added in financial theory, and the relationship between market value added, market value and economic value added have been Investigated. Empirical study around the market value added, market value, economic value added, traditional measures such as net Income, earnings per share, return on assets and return on equity have been employed with the data taken from 89 Istanbul S tock Exchange companies, over a period 1 996 – 2005.Additionally, Regression and Factor Analysis are applied to find the high reference firms and industries as well as value drivers pertaining the firms taken up In this study. It has been determined that market value and market value added have lower association with economic value added in comparison to the measures of earnings such as net operating profit after tax and net income. Moreover, when the annual changes in the variables are taken into consideration, association level of EVA to MBA and NV is weaker than the net operating profit after tax and net income.However, economic value added is a more powerful management tool than traditional performance measures Like earnings per share, return on assets and return on equity In measuring firm financial performance In SIS regarding the period of 1996 – 2005. Moreover, In order to determine the value drivers In Istanbul Stock Exchange financial characteristics have bee n investigated. A weak correlation between market value added, market value and internal financial measures were determined. The impact of macroeconomic factors on the market value added and market value has also been investigated.It has been concluded that inflation and treasury bill rates have a negative correlation, while gross domestic/national product and money supply/net international reserves have a positive correlation with market value added and market value of the Istanbul Stock Exchange industrial firms. Furthermore, Porter's value philosophy has been discussed to investigate the competitiveness and value creation of Turkish companies and industries. Keywords: Market value added, market value, economic value added

Stock Exchange - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5463 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION: The stock exchange is a kind of capital market which helps to companies to raise funds not to make profit from it. Stock exchange is having its own identity worldwide. It gives a platform for giant companies as well as small enterprises to extend their power in the international market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stock Exchange" essay for you Create order The exchange also provides a highly active and efficient market for dealing in wide range of securities for e.g. debts, equities, exchange traded funds, contracts for differences, depository receipts. Each country is having its own stock markets which inspires the countries economy and helps each other for extending their strength through shares, bonds, equities etc. Mainly the research is focused on the Alternative investment market of London. AIM, Alternative Investment Market is another concept of stock market which was introduced in the 19th century. The Alternative Investment Market (AIM) has established itself as the worlds leading stock market for young growing companies in UK affecting the global connection between different markets. As it is the growing market it affects the international dealings. As per the research we have to mull over of Indian stock market and London Stock exchange. They are as follows: London Stock Exchange Alternative Investment Market ( London) Bombay Stock Exchange National Stock Exchange The comparison of these markets will help to understand the role of these markets in the world economy. This will also give focus on research aim. RESEARCH TOPIC: The research topic for the dissertation is ‘EMERGENCE OF ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT MARKET (AIM) IN INDIA. This topic will help to understand and extend the knowledge of stock market. Also give idea of the London stock exchange and Indian stock exchange which will defiantly helps out in the future. RESEARCH PURPOSE The main purpose of this research is to find out whether AIM can create good opportunity for new budding Indian companies to expand more and whether it can help to raise funds for such expansions. Also it gives a brief scenario of AIM London and the working of Indian stock market. Research study will also help us to understand the reason behind the growing Alternative Investment Market of London. The Research proposal is divided to understand the research topic clearly in different chapters. These chapters are as follows: CHAPTERS: LITERATURE REVIEW: In this chapter there is deep study of all the stock markets in London and in India i.e. London stock exchange, Alternative investment market London, Bombay stock exchange, national stock exchange. The different views given by different authors will help to explain the all stock markets understandable. Also it will consist of SWOT analysis for AIM to understand the growth of that market. The brief explanation of these markets is as follows: BSE Bombay Stock Exchange: Three centuries in its 133 years of continuation and now popularly known as BSE. It was established as The Native Share Stock Brokers Association in 1875. BSE is the first stock exchange in India which obtained permanent recognition (in 1956) from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956. BSEs pivotal and pre-eminent role in the development of the Indian capital market is widely recognized. It migrated from the open outcry system to an online screen-based order driven trading system in 1995. Earlier an Association of Persons (AOP), BSE is now a corporatized and demutualised entity incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE (Corporatization and Demutualization) Scheme, 2005 notified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). With demutualization, BSE is having two of worlds best exchanges, Deutsche Borse and Singapore Exchange, as its strategic partners. By providing it with an efficient access to resources, BSE has facilitated the growth of the Indian corporate sector. BSE is the strongest stock market in India that shows the dominance on corporate sector which needs to raise the capital with the support of these market. Today, BSE is the worlds number 1 exchange in terms of the number of listed companies and the worlds 5th in transaction numbers. The market capitalization as on December 31, 2007 stood at USD 1.79 trillion. An investor can choose from more than 4,700 listed companies, which for easy reference, are classified into A, B, S, T and Z groups. BSE provides an efficient and transparent market for trading in equity, debt instruments and derivatives. It has a nation-wide reach with a presence in more than 359 cities and towns of India. BSE has always been at par with the international standards. The systems and processes are designed to safeguard market integrity and enhance transparency in operations. NSE National Stock Exchange: The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended promotion of a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FIs) to provide access to investors from all across the country on an equal footing. Based on the recommendations, NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company unlike other stock exchanges in the country. On its recognition as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 in April 1993, NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment commenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.Currently, NSE has the following major segments of the capital market: Equity Futures and Options Retail Debt Market Wholesale Debt Market Currency futures LSE London Stock Exchange: The London Stock Exchange is one of the worlds oldest stock exchanges and can trace its history back more than 300 years. Starting life in the coffee houses of 17th century London, the Exchange quickly grew to become the Citys most important financial institution. Over the centuries following, the Exchange has consistently led the way in developing a strong, well-regulated stock market and today lies at the heart of the global financial community. The London Stock Exchange was founded in Sweetings Alley in London in 1801. It moved to Capel Court the following year. In 1972 the Exchange moved to a new purpose-built building and trading floor in Threadneedle Street. Deregulation, sometimes known as big bang, came in 1986 and external ownership of member firms was allowed for the first time. In 1995 the Alternative Investment Market was launched and in 2004 the Exchange moved again, this time to Paternoster Square. Nasdaq built up a stake of over 30% in the Exchan ge in 2007 in a failed attempt to acquire it. It has since sold its investment. In 2007 the Exchange acquired the Milan-based Borsa Italiana for 1.6bn euros ( £1.1bn; $2bn) to form the London Stock Exchange Group plc. The combination was intended to diversify the LSEs product offering and customer base. The all-share deal diluted the stakes of existing LSE shareholders, with Borsa Italiana shareholders receiving new shares representing 28 per cent of the enlarged register. AIM- Alternative Investment Market: AIM is the Exchanges international market for smaller growing companies. On AIM you will find a wide range of businesses ranging from young, venture capital-backed start-ups to well-established, mature organizations looking to expand.   Since its launch in 1995, over 2,500 companies have joined AIM ? raising more than  £60bn in the process, both through initial public offerings (IPOs) and further capital raisings. This capital has helped AIM-quoted companies of all kinds to fund their development and pursue their ambitions. The AIM communities of companies, advisers and investor have been attracted to the market by its outstanding reputation and high standards of regulation. These qualities have established AIM as the international growth market of choice for companies and investors. In 2007,  284 companies joined AIM, raising a total of  £16.1 billion. AIM companies come from 38 sectors and 92 sub-sectors representing  32 countries. International companies increasingly recognize the unparalleled access to the global investment community and capital-raising possibilities that come from having their securities quoted and traded in London. AIM has over 500 companies  operating outside the United Kingdom, and the number is continuing to rise all the time. This international interest reflects the fact that AIM presents an ideal environment for young international companies wishing to use the public markets to fund further expansion and raise their global profile. Genuine investor interest AIM, and the companies on it, benefit from a high public profile and strong interest among a growing and increasingly sophisticated investor base. Investors ranging from private individuals to global institutions regard AIM as an excellent place to find investment opportunities in young, fresh, entrepreneurial and growth-orientated businesses from all over the world ? in short, the companies of the future. Regulation The London Stock Exchange is committed to sustaining AIMs success by ensuring it remains the international growth market of choice for smaller companies. AIMs unique regulatory framework was strengthened by its becoming an Exchange Regulated Market in October 2004. Like the Main Market, AIM enjoys a reputation for effective regulation: the London markets are world-renowned for the fair, firm and responsive way in which they are policed. AIM reflects these qualities to the full, offering a secure yet flexible trading environment for both companies and investors. Reasons for admission The majority of companies coming to AIM are attracted by its offer of a flexible way of entry to life on a public market. As a result, AIM continues to welcome a steady stream of both UK and international companies. International companies The Exchange is a global marketplace. Around 350 companies  from over  50 different countries use a London listing to gain the profile and access to capital they need to grow into truly global companies. They are drawn by the quality of our markets, their depth of liquidity and the sophistication and long-term approach of the institutional investor community in London. AIM offers smaller growing companies all the benefits of being traded on a world-class public market, within a regulatory environment that has been designed specifically to meet their needs. These are some of the reasons why companies join AIM: â€Å"AIM has developed to meet the needs of smaller companies. A flexible approach to regulation and a streamlined admission process make AIM the ideal market for smaller growing companies seeking to develop their business in a supportive environment Phillip Secrett, Corporate Finance Partner, Grant Thornton. Enhanced accessibility AIM is a flexible market that does not stipulate minimum requirements for: company size track record the number of shares in public hands market capitalization Simple admission process AIMs unique approach to company admission through the role of the Nomad ensures that the process is simple, relevant and timely. Nomads are specialists with a deep understanding of the needs and aspirations of companies looking to come to AIM, and are highly experienced in helping them every step of the way to their AIM quotation. Appropriate regulation for smaller companies AIM is renowned worldwide for having a regulatory framework and approach uniquely suited to smaller companies. The AIM Rules do not contain legal or technical jargon, and are designed to be as flexible and comprehensible as possible. The Exchange operates a consultative approach to any changes in the rules governing AIM, and always engages and consults with market participants before putting any modifications into effect. INDIAN COMPANIES LISTED IN LSE The number of Indian companies listed on the London Stock Exchange is expected to jump by 20 per cent, Grant Thornton, a leading business and financial adviser, has predicted. At present 30 Indian companies are listed on the LSE and Grant Thornton is preparing to welcome another six Indian firms to the market, a sign that current economic difficultly in the UK is not dissuading Indian business leaders from raising fund in London. The firms quarterly India Watch, launched in conjunction with the LSE, monitors the UK-India business relationship through both cross border mergers and acquisitions between India and the UK and the performance of Indian firms listed on the LSE, with a tracker that focuses on the performance of the Main Market and AIM versus listed Indian firms since January 1 2007. The index reveals Indian companies listed on the LSE are now collectively outperforming both the FTSE 100 and the AIM 100 by a wide margin, with the India Index up 34 per cent sin ce January 1 2007, while the FTSE 100 is down 15 per cent and AIM 100 is down 13 per cent. The prospective listings come from a variety of sectors including bio-engineering, mining and several media companies. These firms, expected to raise between 10 million pounds and 250 million pounds each, will take the present number of Indian companies with full London listings from 30 to 36, a jump of 20 per cent through Grant Thornton alone, with further interest expected to boost this number before the end of the calendar year. Indian companies listed on LSEs Alternative Investment Market (AIM) launch initial public offerings in London because it offers them a wide pool of investors and makes it easier to raise finance for acquisitions in the UK and Europe. Anuj Chande, head of Grant Thorntons South Asia Group, said that since the listing of Indian energy and mining major Vedanta Resources in December 2003, there had been a steady stream of Indian IPOs with a total of 30 firm s now listed on both the Main Market (five firms) and the AIM market (25 firms). He said, India is vying to be both the most prolific and most successful nation on the LSE and all indicators point to this soon becoming a reality. A sustained economic boom within the subcontinent and the many perceived benefits for Indian firms that come with a London listing are key drivers in this process. Chande pointed to poor domestic markets, access to a greater and wider investor base, international focus, the prestige of a London listing and the profile raising that comes with it as driving the number of Indian firms exploring a London IPO. Listing overseas is getting popular with Indian companies. Around 30 Indian companies are considering raising money from public markets abroad. About half of them belong to real estate sector interestingly. Apparently most of these companies are restructuring themselves to go to overseas markets directly. There is a rule in India that an Indian company has to list in India first before going abroad. So its likely that the companies would incorporate themselves abroad for this. Most of the companies are looking at approaching London-based Alternative Investment Market (AIM) where the average size of a listed company is $70 million against a billion dollar-plus in other exchanges. When it was founded ten years ago, Aim was supposed to be the place where young, entrepreneurial British firms, lacking the required qualifications for the London Stock Exchanges (LSE) main market, could hook up with bold investors happy to take a little extra risk. In recognition of this useful contribution to the domestic economy, nice tax breaks were, and still are, available for investors. But firms from all over the world are flocking to London. Over 220 of Aims 1,426 quoted firms are from countries such as China, Australia, South Africa, Russia, Germany, Israel, Bangladesh and now the Americans are arriving too. Investing in Aim: internationalisation Recent debutantes include Noida Toll Bridge, formed to construct and operate a toll bridge connecting Noida to South Delhi in India; Kalahari Mining, with a portfolio of mineral projects in Namibia; Sinosoft Technology, an IT provider to the Chinese government; Amur Minerals, whose principal asset is a licence to explore for nickel and copper in the far east of the Russian Federation; Elitel, a fixed-line Italian telecoms group; and Legacy Distribution, a wholesaler of candy, cigarettes, and groceries in Arizona, USA. This internationalisation of Aim which provides juicy fees for financial advisers but little payback to the domestic economy for those attractive tax breaks has three causes: Investing in Aim: the aftermath of Enron The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) is meant to tighten up US corporate governance after the scandals at Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. CEOs and chief financial officers of American-listed firms must now sign statements attesting to the accuracy of their companys accounts. But this is time consuming and expensive, especially for small firms. At $2m, the cost of compliance is at least double that of an Aim listing, which is why the number of small firms applying for a listing on US markets has halved. Investing in Aim: the lure of London Overseas investors are wary of their domestic markets. Hong Kong has suffered from low-quality Chinese share issues, Singapores market suffers from poor liquidity, but when the dotcom bubble burst, few fell from grace as spectacularly as Germanys Neuer Market. Founded in 1997 as Germanys answer to the Nasdaq, at its peak it boasted a  market capitalisation of $300bn, before losing 96% of its value and eventually closing in 2003. German investors still bear the scars. There is no appetite for new issues in the German market, which saw only nine initial public offerings (IPOs) last year. Instead, German firms are coming to London. London offers a trusted legal and regulatory framework, it boasts a huge pool of capital and expertise, and offers a certain cachet: firms from all around the world believe an LSE listing confers credibility. Keen to capitalise on this opportunity, officials from the LSE and UK financial advisers are racking up the air miles, hosting conferences in foreign cities and selling the Aim story. The stream of foreign listings threatens to turn into a flood. â€Å"I could get 100 Chinese or Indian companies tomorrow,† says Martin Graham, head of Aim. â€Å"But that wouldnt necessarily be the right thing to do. We have to be very careful that as we internationalise, we actually increase the quality of the market.† While Aim has generated huge fees for the City, it has been much less of a success story for investors. In the ten years of its existence, the index has gained just 2% and has been far outpaced by the FTSE Small Cap index, which includes more mature and generally UK-centric firms. While only 3% of Aim-listed firms have failed altogether, the index has been hampered by the generally poor early performance of newly floated companies, which have struggled to live up to the promises contained in their glossy prospectuses. UK private investors have historically found it dif ficult and expensive to invest overseas, especially in small firms, so the arrival of foreign firms on Aim gives them a cheap, accessible way of investing in overseas economies and into business opportunities that dont exist at home. But they should be aware of the pitfalls. Here are the three most important ones: Investing in Aim: lack  of transparency Aim investors need to be diligent. Many Aim firms are all but invisible. Some are happy to be low profile and dont even have their share price quoted in the newspapers. But for many firms, an Aim listing is a way of raising their profile. This is especially true for foreign companies, who often appoint PR advisers to broadcast their presence. But the number of small firms is rising faster than both the number of journalists who write about them and the capacity of investors to follow the news. So the investor must be prepared to trawl the internet via free sites such as Investigate.com, Digitallook.com, or Armshare.com, before looking at the chosen companys own website. Investing in Aim: lack of liquidity Trading liquidity is a huge issue for many Aim companies. Of the indexs 1,424 quoted firms, 866 have a total market value of less than  £25m. The ‘free float (the shares you can actually buy) is smaller less than this and most holders of the free float will have taken shares in the initial placing and have no intention of selling. In the Budget, Gordon Brown reduced the maximum size of firms eligible for venture capital trusts (VCTs) from  £15m to  £7m and increased the length of time investors must hold VCTs from three to five years if they are to qualify for tax relief. This is likely further to tie up VCT money in shares of the smallest companies, increasingly reducing trading liquidity. Institutions are also put off buying shares in the secondary market   because they fear they will be unable to sell them. In the opinion of Charles Breese, founder of Armshare.com, the LSE is too intent on simply recruiting new Aim entrants and is not doing enough to stimulate the secondary market. Investing in Aim: uncertain prospects Hopes are high when a firm floats on Aim. It looks forward to a rising share price, to issuing further equity to pursue its growth plans and to encouraging its executives with share options. But it can soon become disillusioned if the share price goes the wrong way. Many Aim-listed UK companies privately complain that they are not getting value for the  £50,000 that they pay to their financial advisers to promote their shares. This problem is worse for overseas firms. First City was the first UK public relations adviser to spot the Chinese opportunity. It now has a Hong Kong office with Mandarin-speaking staff, and is in regular contact with its clients. But others are all too happy to take the fee for the Aim listing and then offer little else besides. So investors should be cautious. They must be prepared to do their own research and make up their own minds. Short-term traders should rule Aim out altogether. But for those prepared to stay the course, the influx of foreign companies provides some highly attractive investment opportunities. Tax breaks on Aim Capital gains tax (CGT): After holding Aim shares for one year, the investor is only charged on 50% of the gain. After two years, this drops to 25%. Inheritance tax (IHT): Shares in qualifying Aim trading firms can attract 100% relief from inheritance tax, provided they have been held for two years. Enterprise Investment Schemes (EIS): EIS investors can invest up to  £400,000 per year. They receive tax relief on contributions and pay no CGT, provided the investment has been held for three years. Investment can be made into Aim firms, but overseas companies are unlikely to be eligible. Venture capital trusts (VCTs): VCT investors receive 30% income tax relief on contributions, and pay no CGT as long as the investment has been held for five years. Overseas companies are unlikely to be eligible for VCTs. Why are Indian companies rushing to the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange? AIM has become the new El Dorado of Indian companies, especially unlisted companies which are in a hurry to raise funds in the ongoing economic boom with few disclosures. Two companies — Noida Toll Bridge and Great Eastern Energy Corporation — have already listed on the AIM, the LSEs international market smaller growing companies. Over 30 Indian companies, including Hiranandani and Unitech, have shown interest in listing on AIM and the list is growing. Interestingly, most of them are real estate and construction companies — which shot up to dizzy heights in the bull run — which are keen to raise money from AIM without listing on Indian stock exchanges. â€Å"The most important attraction is that transparency and corporate governance standards are very low on the AIM market. Its ideal for an unlisted company which doesnt want to dis close much and doesnt believe in corporate governance,† said a member of several capital market committees. The LSE is also very candid about its trading platform. â€Å"To join AIM, companies do not need a particular financial track record or trading history. There is also no minimum requirement in terms of size or number of shareholders,† says the LSE website. For some Indian companies, the listing norms on AIM could be music as listing standards are tough in India and the US. Promoters will have to follow financial track-records, minimum capital, tough disclosure norms and transparency in India. Listing norms in US markets like New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq are even tougher. â€Å"The AIM market of the LSE is convenient for some of our unlisted companies as they dont need to disclose many things,† an investment bank source said. Methodology: This chapter consist of different methodological perspectives, the explanation related to which company examined and why, the data collection method and data analysis. Research Purpose: According to Gummesson, case study research is mainly divided in to three types, exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research. Exploratory research: This type of research approach is to collect as much information as possible related to research area. According to Gummesson (2002) exploratory research is a pilot study that can be used as a basis for formulating more precise questions or testable hypothesis. Descriptive research: This type of research used when the problem is well structured. In this research, researcher wants to find out the relevant aspects of the problem. According to Wiedersheim- Paul and Eriksson (1998) and Yin (1994) this approach attempts to describe. Explanatory research: According to Paul and Eriksson (1998) and Yin(1994) This type of research is used to prove or disapprove condition take place. It can be also used to find a correlation between causes using data collection methods. The main reason of this research is descriptive. This research helps to understand â€Å"How gardening companies   adapt or standardize their product for foreign market† With the help of answering specific research questions we will gain better understanding related to gardening   industry. Approach of Research: Two techniques used at the time of research, one is qualitative and second is quantitative method (Yin, 1994). Qualitative method: According to Denscombe (1998) qualitative method goes more in depth of the problem as compared to the quantitative method. This method is used when researcher wants to investigate the problem. In this method the researcher him/herself plays a vital role. Disadvantage of this method is difficult to compare the collected information from the different objectives. Quantitative method: According to Denscombe (1998) quantitative method consist of numbers collecting with the help of survey and questionnaire. The advantage of this method is that the study can be generalized while it is aimed at large target group. In this research we will use qualitative method. This decision is mainly based on information required to find result of research questions are of qualitative nature, because there is a need of a bottomless understanding. However with the help of qualitative method we will collect data based on interviews. With the help of qualitative method the result present in words. Strategy of Research: Denscombe (1998), Wiedersheim- Paul and Eriksson (1998) and Yin(1994) state that there are five primary research strategies such as surveys, experiments, case studies, archival analysis and histories. Below table shows five strategies. Research Strategy Form of research  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   question Requires control over behavioural events Focuses on contemporary events Experiment How, why Yes Yes Survey Who, what, where, how, many, how much No Yes Archival Analysis Who, what, where, how, many, how much No Yes/No History How, why No No Case Study How, why No Yes Table 1: Research StrategiesSource: Yin (1994 p .6) With the help of research question and the purpose, we will able to find that, there is no need to control over behavioural events as well as survey; contemporary events, archival analysis, and experiment are not appropriate research strategies for this research. Yin (1994) state that case studies permit to a research, keep important image of organizational and administrative processes. On the other hand Yin (1994) focuses on case study can be single case study or multiple case studies. In single case study researcher unable to make comparisons, and in multiple case studies researcher able to compare, on the other hand fewer time used for each case study. For this research we considered case studies related to different gardening companies, which are the best research strategy to use for answer research questions. With the help of case studies we able to answer how and why questions as well as   we will add to the validity, precision stability and confidence of the research result. Sample selection: After determined research strategy, the next chapter is sample selection. According to Yin (1994), collection of data with the help of all potential units is not possible because of limited financial resources and time limitation. In order to explain the important features of the complete problem area, smaller companies are gathered. The researcher cannot be confident that the conclusion he/she will end up with will be capable to simplify the whole research area while the samples chosen are not all representative for the research area for which they are gathered. At the time of primary speak with companies; the purpose of research is clear. For completing purpose of this research, there is need, to contact with person who have best knowledge and experience of companies products sell in foreign market. Data collection: According to Eriksson and Widersheim (1997) data is collection consist of two methods. First method is primary data collection, in which information is collect by researcher and for specific purpose. Second method is secondary data collection, in which the data is already collect and for different purpose. Yins (1994) recommend six sources of data collection its strengths and weaknesses related to case studies are given below in table: Source of evidence Strength Weakness Interviews Targeted: focuses directly on case study topic. Insightful: provide perceived casual inferences Bias due to poorly constructed questionnaires. Inaccuracies due to poor recall Response bias Reflexivity: interviews gives what interviewer wants to hear. Direct Observations Reality: covers events in real time. Contextual: covers context of event. Time consuming Selectivity: unless broad coverage. Reflexivity: event may proceed differently because it is being observed. Cost: hours needed by human observers. Participant Observation Insightful into inter-personal behaviour and motives. Bias due to investigators manipulation of events. Physical Artifacts Insightful into cultural features. Insightful into technical operations. Selectivity Availability Documentation Stable, it can reviewed repeatedly Un-obstructive: Not created as a result of the case. Exact: Contains exact names, references and details of an event. Broad coverage: long span of time, many events, and many settings. Retrievability: can be low Biased selectivity: if collection is incomplete. Reporting bias: reflects (unknown) bias of author. Access: may be deliberately blocked. Archival Records Precise and quantitative. Accessibility due to privacy reasons. Table 2: Six sources of evidence: Strength and weakness  Ã‚  Ã‚   Source: Yin (1994, p80) Due to time limitation and financial resources, in this research direct observations and participant observation are not possible.   However archival record is not possible and there is no need to considered technical operations, physical artifacts are not used. Therefore there is only two sources of evidence for this research can be used i.e. interviews and documentation In this research data can be collected with the help of both primary and secondary data. When collecting data for case study, semi-structured research method and focused interviews can be used. In this research, we can collect data from personal interviews based on telephone because of amount of time and money. This type of data used for specific purpose of research, therefore it considered primary data. On the other hand we can collect the data with the help of documentation, website and gardening companies bro chures. This data considered as secondary data and it consist of background information of company. Data analysis: It consist of examining, categorizing, tabulating the evidence to address the initial propositions of research. Holme and Solvang (1997) recommend that a systematic analysis begins with a case analysis and after find out result with the help of cross-case analysis. This research can pursue above recommendation. In one side, case analysis can conduct and collect data from gardening company. In second side with the help of cross case analysis in which different companies are compared with each other and data will be calculate. The next is sort out similarities and dissimilarities related to theory and collected data, then build up a conclusion. Reliability and Validity: In this research these two factors plays a very important role. To build up the reliability of this research, there is need of to find objectives as possible. However consider reliability when method for the duration of the interview which is helpful to stop non objective data collection. On other hand validity consider at the time measuring what is intended to be measured. Findings, Conclusion and implication: This chapter consist of findings and conclusion based on research. In this chapter we able to provide answers of research question. When we answering the research questions we can get factors affecting on gardening company related to adaptation, standardization, and elements of products. These factors based on different companies in gardening industry and its considerations After findings and conclusion of this research we will able to find out Implications for future research related to gardening companies.

Emily Killing Homer A Crime of Passion or an Act of a...

Emily Killing Homer: a Crime of Passion or Act of Frightened Girl Faulkner’s tail of â€Å"A Rose for Emily † is a tail of thousand stories. Set up in the old south, at the same time it intrigues you and dazzles you. It tells the story of a daughter from an upper class family that ends up killing her male companion, Homer Baron. A motive for killing him is not stated in the story, but if red carefully one could be implied. Critiques disagree on what might have motived Emily to kill homer. Some say it was because he intended to leave her and others relate it to the fact that he was not the steeling type. Yet some critique have explored the idea that homer may be gay and believe that is what have aggravated Emily and led her to kill him. Yet, Judith Fetterley and Jack Scherting both have the consent of Emily Griersons motive in order to kill Homer Barron which is stemmed from her fear of dying old and unloved.(attach make one sentence)Emily rather had been with a dead man instead of being by herself. Mr. Grierson is portrait of a man from â€Å"old south†, a man how chases away every man that approaches her daughter, a man that leaves her daughter longing for affection of a male after his death. Not much was said about him directly. Mr. Grierson is described to be overprotecting her daughter Emily; â€Å"Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by

Competitive Supply Chain Relationship Management Essay

ADOPTION OF COMPETITIVE SUPPLY CHAIN RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ORGANIZATIONS PRACTICES THROUGH COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES. Over the years, the competition landscape for most companies has shifted from the highest-quality, lowest priced product or best performing product to the ability to respond to market needs quickly and get the right product at the right time to the right customer. This has in turn forced organizations to compete with their supply chain. Understanding supply chain management and putting this knowledge into practice has become a mandate to improve supply chain relationships in the entire world. In the 1990s, a lot of competition intensified and markets became global. It became a challenge to get a product or service to the right place at the right time, right place and at the lowest cost. Most organizations realized that it was important to make their supply chains competitive rather than just focusing on improving their organization operation efficiencies. The understanding of supply chain relationship management has therefore become an essential condition to stay in the competitive race of enhancing corporate profitability. The concept of supply chain relationship management can be categorized into two separate groups; the transport and logistics management perspective and the purchasing and supply management perspective. According to the purchasing and supply management perspective, supply chain relationship management goes in line with theShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management1259 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Supply chain management is a valuable practice whose purpose is to offer businesses a competitive advantage in the market place. According to Jacoby, D. (2010), some companies like Walmart and Dell have applied this system to gain a competitive advantage in the market while others have failed to apply it owing to its complexity. 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An Observation of a Bat Mitzvah Free Essays

The bar mitzvah is not actually a ceremony or rite of passage as many people believe. It is actually a boy of the Jewish religion who has attained the age of 13. It is thus a legal status that is automatically ascribed with no need for ceremony or any other religious rite. We will write a custom essay sample on An Observation of a Bat Mitzvah or any similar topic only for you Order Now A parallelism would be attaining adult age, typically 18 in most societies.The bar mitzvah pertains to males while a bat mitzvah is to females, and females become bat mitzvot (plural of mitzvah) at the age of 12. Bar or bat mitzvah translates to a â€Å"coming of age† and signifies the transition of the child to that of beginning adulthood insofar as religious practice was concerned, and be counted as part of the minyan or quorum for public prayer. While it is widely practiced, there is actually no direct mention of it in the Talmud. Because women are traditionally not allowed to read from the Torah, it was a momentous occasion when in 1922 the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan was the first bat mitzvah to read from the Torah in celebration of her 12th birthday. (â€Å"The first American bat mitzvah†) Today, many young girls celebrate becoming a bat mitzvah with a grandiosity that rivals that of a Sweet 16 birthday party. I. The Ceremony The synagogue was a study of the diversity in the US. On one side was the families of the two girls who were to become bat mitzvot and since one of the girls was an adoptee of Chinese descent and the adoptive mother was not Jewish, there were quite a few who were not. Among the congregation, many were not Jewish as well, guests of the girls and their families who were to join in the celebration. (Schapiro) A box of commemorative yarmulke or distinctive skullcap enabled male guests to help themselves to one because it is expected that they cover their heads when participating in the service. However, only Jewish males over 13 wore the ritual fringes called the talit. Aside from this, there did not seem to be a distinction in dress for Jews and non-Jews. Some small children were present, and were quite surprisingly free to get up and roam as they pleased as long as they behaved. The unruly ones were quietly led away to what can only be supposed is a playroom. On the eastern wall of the synagogue, the Ark is evident. This is the repository of the Torah, and above the Ark is a light called the Ner Tamid or eternal light. There is also a representation of the Tablets of the Covenant. On the bima, the raised platform on which the service was to be conducted. The two girls were seated on the right side of the altar. The girls’ fathers laid the prayer shawl on their respective daughter’s shoulders, signifying a transfer of power, or responsibility, whichever perspective works, and the choir raised their voice in a welcoming song in Hebrew. The rabbi commenced with the reading, and at each part the congregation was told when to sit or stand. This was especially helpful for non-Jewish participants of the service. The girls then were directed to approach the Ark where the Torah scrolls were kept. Each took their scroll and carried it around the sanctuary, as each Jewish guest touch their prayer books to it to signify love and devotion to its teachings. The girls then took their place at the bima in front of the congregation to read out the scrolls in Hebrew. This is referred to as the aliyah. The girls each read part of Chapter 21 of Exodus which was the reading for the Shabbat for that week. Afterwards, each girl gave a speech in English, a d’rash about how the experience preparing for becoming bat mitzvot had meant to them. Each girl then touched the fringe of their prayer shawl to the Torah before kissing it and returning to their seat. The parents (excepting the non-Jewish mother) spoke before the congregation thanking God for the blessing of freeing them from the responsibility for their child’s sins. This part was spoken in English. The rabbi then said a few words directed at the new bat mitzvot and the girls then proceeded with the concluding prayers, the Haftorah and then the ceremony was over. The next part of the celebration was the fun part, the Kiddush and seudat mitzvah that translates today to a party held outside the synagogue, where speeches and advice are liberally given for the elucidation of the new bat mitzvah.   Traditional gifts with associations with the number 18 (considered a â€Å"lucky† number in Jewish tradition, means also â€Å"life†) and more generic gifts were given at the reception. (â€Å"Bar and Bat Mitzvah†; Rich â€Å"Gifts†) II. Discussion Mitzvah is the word for â€Å"commandment,† and bat is â€Å"daughter† so a bat mitzvah is a daughter of the commandment. The whole point of this rite is to commemorate the child’s coming of age but the way it is practiced tends to be highly adaptable to the particular societal context. The ceremony itself has no mention in the Talmud so the rituals have evolved over time and application. (â€Å"Bar bat mitzvah†) Preparation for the bar or bat mitzvah typically begins a year or more prior to the projected date, especially for modern Jews or those who are newly converted. This is to allow the child to become familiar with the Jewish commandments, prayer, history and the Hebrew language. A large portion of this education is overseen by the cantor, or scholar. The responsibilities of the bat mitzvah includes the keeping of the mitzvot or commandments as embodied in the Torah, all 613 of them. She is also expected to observe rituals such as fasting days. Interestingly enough, this is also considered the point in which the bat mitzvah can decide to remain or not within the faith. Because of this, a confirmation ceremony is slated for the 16th or 18th year of the bat mitzvah in   some communities. (â€Å"Bar/bat mitzvah†) More orthodox Jewish families prepare their male children for eventual emancipation by starting their preparations at kindergarten age and beyond the age of bar mitzvah. Orthodox Jews do not allow women to participate in religious services, so becoming a bat mitzvah in these communities does not include the service and is usually celebrated at home with a small party that merely commemmorates the child’s 12th birthday. Reformist sects take the cue from their spiritual leader, the rabbi. This was what happened to Judith Kaplan the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan, who believed women should be given equal consideration and importance in the community. However, for the longest time bat mitzvot usually celebrated on a Friday rather than on the Shabbat, or did not read directly from the Torah, so deeply ingrained was the bias against women in the Jewish orthodoxy. (â€Å"The first American bat mitzvah†) With the influence of American society and growing diversity in religion, however practice has been inevitably affected. The number of religious intermarriages is rising and many religious groups have seen the wisdom of adapting to the changing society. This is especially apparent in the ceremony described above. The bar mitzvot are now allowed to read from the Torah, and are instructed in this by the cantor with the benevolent overseeing of the rabbi himself. They participate fully in the ceremony, and the fact that one of the parents is non-Jewish is no longer a big issue as long as they play a passive role in the service itself. Outsiders are welcome to participate in a passive manner as well, and religious scholars are more than willing to explain the intricacies of the service to the clueless. There is even a growing trend among newly converted Jews who become bar or bat mitzvah in ceremonies held at any point in their life, some as old as 80. Because these people came into the faith late in life, they are considered to have attained a â€Å"coming of age† when they have mastered the basics of the Jewish religion. III. Conclusion For all children, rites of passage are important highlights in their lives. For Jewish children in particular, the concept of becoming a bar or bat mitzvah and the formal celebration of the event focuses on the importance of having a good knowledge of Judaism. At the same time, it serves as inducting a sense of belonging for children, which at this particular point in their lives is crucial for optimal development. Because survival of the congregation that is yearly becoming diverse, even the most stringent religious traditions have been compelled to unbend and accommodate the evolving population. The practice of commemorating the becoming of a bat mitzvah is a particularly good example of this accommodation. Works Cited â€Å"Bar and Bat Mitzvah†. Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence. 20010406. FindArticles.com. 17 Jul. 2007. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0000/ai_2602000074 Bar bat mitzvah. Jewish Celebrations. 2007. Mazornet.com. 18 July 2007 http://www.mazornet.com/jewishcl/mitzvah.htm. Bar/bat mitzvah. Patriarchy Website.January 2000. Israel CS Lim. 18 July 2007 http://www.patriarchywebsite.com/bib-patriarchy/bar-bat-mitzvah.htm. Rich, Tracey. Bar Mitzvah and bat mitzvah. Judaism 101. 2005. JewFAQ.org. 18 July 2007 http://www.jewfaq.org/barmitz.htm. Schapiro, Moshe. What is a bar or bat mitzvah? Jewish Lifecycles. 18 January 2000. Aish HaTorah. 18 July 2007 http://www.aish.com/literacy/lifecycle/what_is_a_bar_or_bat_mitzvah$.asp. The first American bat mitzvah. Jewish Virtual Library. 2007. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 18 July 2007 http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/firstbat.html.       How to cite An Observation of a Bat Mitzvah, Essays

Significance of Proper Customer Services

Question: Discuss about the Significance of Proper Customer Services. Answer: Problem statement: This research study focuses on the significance of proper customer services in order to satisfy the customers. In this particular research study, the focus will be on the recently launched division of Computers R namely CompleteCare. As per the article by Morimoto et al. (2016), increasing competition forces organizations to utilize unique marketing strategy so that it can able to competitive advantage in the market. However, the study mentions that CompleteCare is struggling to employ trained technical operators to provide effective service the customers. The study also highlights that CompleteCare also facing issues in getting proper parts for repair. Furthermore, the study also highlights that CompleteCare also have issues regarding courier services, which are necessary for delivering customers machines to the repair centre. Therefore, it has affected satisfaction level of the customers (Panteleev, Kamaev Kizim, 2014). As a result, the company has started to get lot of complains regarding poor services. Purpose of the research: As discuss earlier, CompleteCare does not able to implement its service program effectively. Therefore, the researcher will consider all the factors related to the newly launched service program of CompleteCare in order to identify the kind of impact it can have on the satisfaction level of the customers (Park, Jung Park, 2013). The researcher will consider several factors such as courier service, trained employee about the implementation of effective customer service. The research study will also focus on to highlight the amount of benefits that CompleteCare can able to have if they are able to resolve the above mention issue. The researcher will also try to identify the best possible strategies that can have maximum amount of impact on the customer satisfaction level. Research design: As mentions by Creswell (2013), research design plays a key role in fulfilling the objective of the research study. For evaluating the all the perspective of customer service, the researcher will focus on to implement a systematic procedure. The researcher will implement a systematic procedure so that it can able to cover all the aspect of the research study. Firstly, the researcher will try to identify the prime factors that are creating difficulties for the effective implementation of the service program. Thereafter, the researcher will evaluate all the identified factors in order to assess which factor can have most impact on the effectiveness of the service program. Then the researcher will focus on to develop methodology to capture information relevant to the research topic. For the evaluation of the research study, the researcher will select positivism research philosophy inductive approach and descriptive research design. After the completion of the data collection procedure, the researcher will analyze the capture data so that it can able to depict the objective of the research study (Schwartz-Shea Yanow, 2013). Lastly, the researcher will compile the complete research work so that it can able to depict what have to be done in order to implement an effective repair and support service. As mentions by Pickard (2012) research philosophy will have to be formulated based on the type of required data for the analysis and evaluation of the research study. There are primarily three types of research philosophy namely realism, positivism and interpretivism that a researcher can consider to evaluate a particular research topic. Positivism research philosophy is selected where the researcher consider to implement scientific method for the successful completion of the research study. Realism refers to the view, which theories refer to the real features of the world. On the other hand, interpretivism research philosophy evaluates data from the qualitative angle (Nieveen Folmer, 2013). For the evaluation of the issues generated in the newly developed branch of Computer R, the researcher will choose positivism research philosophy. Since, positivism research philosophy is selected where the researcher is looking to gather knowledge through the data collection procedure. The rese archer will also consider positivism philosophy, as it has the potential to assist the researcher to utilize several statistical tools to analyze the captured information. As describes by Vithal Jansen (2012) research approach has a critical role in order to complete a particular research topic within the given timeframe. Research approach primarily has two parts namely deductive research approach and inductive research approach. Traditionally, deductive approach is utilized where several theories and concepts are required for the value addition of the research study. Since, deductive approach allows the researcher to consider different previously used concepts and theories relevant to the research topic. On the other hand, inductive research approach considers data collection process. It also helps the researcher to utilize the collected data establish new concepts and theories (Vaishnavi Kuechler, 2015). For the evaluation of the CompleteCare support and repair service, the researcher will implement inductive research approach. Since, the researcher is focusing on the analysis of different perspectives of customers as well as the employees of Compl eteCare. Inductive approach will provide the researcher practical information regarding the customer satisfaction level with the newly launched division of Computers R. As per the article by Gray Malins (2016), research design can be separated into two parts namely descriptive research design and conclusive research design. Descriptive research design can provide assistance in analyzing several aspects of the research study. On the other hand, conclusive research design is more likely to utilize analytical and statistical tools for the evaluation of the research study. For the evaluation of the customer support and service perspective, the researcher will utilize descriptive research design. Since, it will allow the researcher to cover all the aspects of the researcher study. In addition, descriptive research design can also have a significant role in enhancing the knowledge level of the researcher regarding the kind of impact that repair service and customer support can have on the satisfaction level of the customers. Sample design: From the above discussion, it can be assess that all the customers and employees of CompleteCare are the entire population of the research study. Since, the research study focuses on the kind of impact that a proper service and support procedure can have on the satisfaction level of the customers. It has to consider all the potential customers of the company within the population of the research study. Therefore, the researcher will not able to collect information from the entire population, as it will require too much money and time. Thus, sampling method will have to be implemented by the researcher in order to complete the research study within the expected timeframe. As mentions by Merriam Tisdell (2015) sampling technique can be divided into two parts non-probability sampling technique and probability sampling technique. The article reflects that sample is a part of the entire population. Therefore, selection sampling technique is critical for the success of the entire research study. Probability sampling refers to a sampling method where each and every people of the population has a nonzero and known probability of selection. On the other hand, non-probability sampling refers to a method where every people are selected based on the personal convenience and judgment. In non-probability sampling method, probability of selection method is unknown. For analyzing the impact of customer support and repair service on the satisfaction level, the researcher will implement non-probability sampling technique. The researcher will utilize non-probability sampling method, as it will allow the research study to choose people whom can provide in-depth information about the research topic. In addition, this sampling technique will also allow the researcher to select people based on connivance, which can have major impact on the minimization of the budget of the research study. Thus, the research will utilize convenience sampling in this research study. The researcher also utilizes judgment non-probability sampling, as it will help the researcher to select sample based on the personal judgment. However, the researcher will try not to implement quota sampling technique, as it can affect the overall outcome of the research study. For this particular study, the researcher will choose 60 regular customers and 10 managers of the CompleteCare. The researcher will utilize companys customer information in order to identify the most regular customers of the organization. Data collection, process and analysis: As per the article by Mitchell Jolley (2012) data collection and analysis is probably the most significant part for the successful completion of any research study. Generally, secondary and primary data collection method is the most common way collecting information regarding to a particular research topic. In this particular research study, the researcher will consider both secondary and primary data collection technique. Since, repair service and support impact on customer satisfaction is a broad topic. It will induce the researcher to consider both the data collection technique. In addition, it will also assist the researcher to add value to the research study. For the collection of the secondary data, the researcher will utilize internet and other secondary sources. Since, satisfying customer is among the major concern of any organization. Many studies have conducted in this particular topic (Blondel et al., 2013). Thus, by implementing secondary data collection technique, the researcher can have an in-depth analysis of the research study. The researcher will utilize different books, business magazines, newspaper, and trusted websites to collect information about the research topic. Furthermore, secondary information will also allow the researcher to implement different theories and concepts relevant to the research topic. On the other hand, the researcher will also utilize primary data collection technique in order to assess the kind of impact that effective repair service and support can have on the overall satisfaction level of the customers. In this study, the researcher will implement survey technique for capturing effective primary data relevant to the research topic. As mentioned earlier, customer topic is a very broad concept, can depend on different factors. Therefore, the researcher will implement both qualitative and quantitative data collection technique. For collecting information from 60 regular customers, the researcher will develop a quantitative questionnaire. In this quantitative questionnaire, the researcher will only include closed-end questions so that it can able to depict a trend related to the impact of repair and support service on customer satisfaction. The researcher will utilize interview technique to capture quantitative information about the research topic. On the other ha nd, the research will formulate another questionnaire for the managers for the collection of qualitative information. In the qualitative questionnaire, the researcher will only include open-end questions. The researcher will utilize open-end question for the analysis of the customer satisfaction, as it will allow the research study to cover different perspective of the entire research study. The research will utilize telephone, email and fax for the collection of qualitative information about the research study. The researcher will use these medium so that the research study can be completed within the expected timeframe successfully. After the completion of the data collection procedure, the researcher will focus on the analysis of the collected data so that it can able to fulfill the objective of the research study successfully. In this particular research study, the researcher will consider several statistical methods and techniques so that it can able to analyze the captured information effectively. The researcher will implement different statistical tool for the qualitative and quantitative data. Statistical tools like mean, median, mode, standard deviation, regression and correlation techniques will be utilize for the effective analysis of the collected data (Seidman, 2013). Budget and timeline: As per the article by Collis Hussey (2013), selection of timeframe and budget is critical for the overall success of the research study. Since, it has the potential to allow or restrict the researcher to implement any particular strategy, which is crucial to the success of the research study. However, in this research study, both time and budget are the prime constraints. As the researcher will only invest $5000 for the completion of the entire research study. On the other hand, the researcher will develop 15-week plan in which the entire research will be conducted. Dummy tables: Table 1: Activities 1-2 week 3-5 week 6-8 week 9-10 week 11-12 week 13-14 week 14-15 week Identification of the research problem Evaluation of the purpose of the research study Consideration of research design Implementation of research design Collection of primary and secondary data Implementation of data collection, process and analysis Development of conclusion Submission of complete work (Table 1: Gantt chart; Source: Lau, 2014) Table 2: Problems being addressed Frequency (%) Trained professional 37 Ineffective courier service 23 Late response 5 Miscommunication 15 Availability of parts of the computer 20 Table 2: Address problems (Source: As created by the author) References: Blondel, A., Bravar, A., Pohl, M., Bachmann, S., Berger, N., Kiehn, M., Schultz-Coulon, H. C. (2013). Research Proposal for an Experiment to Search for the Decay { mu}- eee.arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6113. Collis, J., Hussey, R. (2013).Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Gray, C., Malins, J. (2016).Visualizing research: A guide to the research process in art and design. Routledge. Lau, J. T. C. (2014).Design by Means of Archival Research: Exploring the Notion of Multiple Interpretations and the Proposal for Another Ditchley Portrait(Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London)). Merriam, S. B., Tisdell, E. J. (2015).Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Mitchell, M. L., Jolley, J. M. (2012).Research design explained. Cengage Learning. Morimoto, H., Yamada, M., Muramatsu, N., Ukai, H. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 20,160,085,864. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Nieveen, N., Folmer, E. (2013). Formative evaluation in educational design research.Design Research, 153. Panteleev, V. V., Kamaev, V. A., Kizim, A. V. (2014). Developing a Model of Equipment Maintenance and Repair Process at Service Repair Company Using Agent-Based Approach.Procedia Technology,16, 1072-1079. Park, M., Jung, K. M., Park, D. H. (2013). Optimal post-warranty maintenance policy with repair time threshold for minimal repair.Reliability Engineering System Safety,111, 147-153. Pickard, A. (2012).Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Schwartz-Shea, P., Yanow, D. (2013).Interpretive research design: Concepts and processes. Routledge. Seidman, I. (2013).Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press. Vaishnavi, V. K., Kuechler, W. (2015).Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology. Crc Press. Vithal, R., Jansen, J. (2012).Designing your first research proposal: a manual for researchers in education and the social sciences. Juta and Company Ltd.